晨星
实验介绍
辅助理解OSPF的特殊区域。
实验目的
-
探索不同区域对于能接收到的明细路由的影响。
拓扑结构
接口信息
实验步骤
步骤一：配置基本信息
以R2举例，其他配置类似
配置IP地址
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
return
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
ip address 20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
return
步骤二：配置OSPF以及ISIS
OSPF
配置OSPF
同一个路由器OSPF有多区域时,是在同一个OSPF进程下配置。
以R3为例
[R3-ospf-1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.0
network 30.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
查看邻居
[R2-ospf-1]dis ospf peer
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 2.2.2.2
Neighbors
Area 0.0.0.1 interface 20.1.1.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)'s neighbors
Router ID: 3.3.3.3 Address: 20.1.1.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: 20.1.1.1 BDR: 20.1.1.2 MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 35 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00:08:45
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
引入ISIS
[R2-ospf-1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
import-route isis 1
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
#
return引入前
R3学习不到R1的路由
[R3]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
40.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 30.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
引入后
可见R3学习到了R1的路由
[R3]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 20.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
40.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 30.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
Area 3需要做VLink与Area 0相连
需要链路穿过Area 2，故进入Area 2配置
分别在R4和R5的Area 2建立VLink
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.2
network 40.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
vlink-peer 5.5.5.5
#
return
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.2
network 40.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
vlink-peer 4.4.4.4
#
return
VLink下的两个路由器建立连接跳过了2-Way阶段，原因是早已确定主从关系了
Oct 1 2025 21:36:44-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/VLINK_NBR_CHG_E(l)[13]:Virtual link peer event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, VirtualLinkNeighborAddress=5.5.5.5, NeighborEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init)
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
Oct 1 2025 21:36:44-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/VLINK_NBR_CHG_E(l)[14]:Virtual link peer event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, VirtualLinkNeighborAddress=5.5.5.5, NeighborEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=ExStart)
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
Oct 1 2025 21:36:44-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/VLINK_NBR_CHG_E(l)[15]:Virtual link peer event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, VirtualLinkNeighborAddress=5.5.5.5, NeighborEvent=NegotiationDone, NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState=Exchange)
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
Oct 1 2025 21:36:44-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/VLINK_NBR_CHG_E(l)[16]:Virtual link peer event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, VirtualLinkNeighborAddress=5.5.5.5, NeighborEvent=ExchangeDone, NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=Loading)
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
Oct 1 2025 21:36:44-08:00 R4 %%01OSPF/4/VLINK_NBR_CHG_E(l)[17]:Virtual link peer event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, VirtualLinkNeighborAddress=5.5.5.5, NeighborEvent=LoadingDone, NeighborPreviousState=Loading, NeighborCurrentState=Full)
VLink建立前
此时的R6学习不到OSPF的路由
[R6-ospf-1]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
[R6-ospf-1]
VLink建立后
此时的R6学习到了其他路由器的路由
[R6-ospf-1]dis ip rou p ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4
OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 50.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 4 D 50.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
30.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 50.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
40.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 50.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0
R6的GE 0/0/0接口抓包观察
ISIS
配置ISIS
[R2-isis-1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
isis 1
is-level level-2
network-entity 49.0001.0020.0000.0002.00
#
return
接口使能ISIS
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
isis enable 1
#
return
查看邻居
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dis isis peer
Peer information for ISIS(1)
System Id Interface Circuit Id State HoldTime Type PRI
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0010.0000.0001 GE0/0/0 0020.0000.0002.01 Up 26s L2 64
Total Peer(s): 1
引入OSPF
[R2-isis-1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
isis 1
is-level level-2
network-entity 49.0001.0020.0000.0002.00
import-route ospf 1
#
return
引入前
R1学习不到其他路由器的路由
[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 8 Routes : 8
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
引入后
可见R1学习到了其他路由器的路由
[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 11 Routes : 11
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
30.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
40.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
步骤三：验证
此时，所有路由器的路由表都已包含完整的拓扑明细路由，彼此之间实现了通信。
R2路由表
[R2]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 15 Routes : 15
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
2.2.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
30.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
40.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
50.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 4 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
60.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
R3路由表
[R3]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 15 Routes : 15
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
3.3.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 20.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
30.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 30.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
30.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
30.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
40.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 30.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
50.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 30.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
60.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 30.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
R1路由表
[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 13 Routes : 13
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
30.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
40.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
50.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
60.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
R7路由表
[R7]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 13 Routes : 13
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
7.7.7.7/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 60.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 60.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
30.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 60.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
40.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 60.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
50.1.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 74 D 60.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
60.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 60.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
60.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
60.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
用R1通信R7
[R1]tracert -a 10.1.1.1 60.1.1.2
traceroute to 60.1.1.2(60.1.1.2), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break
1 10.1.1.2 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms
2 20.1.1.2 30 ms 20 ms 20 ms
3 30.1.1.2 20 ms 30 ms 40 ms
4 40.1.1.2 40 ms 30 ms 30 ms
5 50.1.1.2 40 ms 50 ms 40 ms
6 60.1.1.2 40 ms 50 ms 50 ms
途经5个路由器，故ttl值为250
[R1]ping -a 10.1.1.1 60.1.1.2
PING 60.1.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=250 time=80 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=250 time=40 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=250 time=50 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=250 time=70 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=250 time=60 ms
--- 60.1.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/60/80 ms
步骤三：配置特殊区域并验证
把R2变为内部路由
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shu
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
Oct 1 2025 22:06:07-08:00 R2 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[9]:Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has turned into DOWN state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Oct 1 2025 22:06:07-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[10]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the DOWN state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Oct 1 2025 22:06:07-08:00 R2 %%01ISIS/4/ADJ_CHANGE_LEVEL(l)[11]:The neighbor of ISIS was changed. (IsisProcessId=256, Neighbor=0010.0000.0001, InterfaceName=GE0/0/0, CurrentState=down, ChangeType=L2_CIRCUIT_DOWN, Level=Level-2)
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Oct 1 2025 22:06:07-08:00 R2 %%01ISIS/4/PEER_DOWN_CIRC_DOWN(l)[12]:ISIS 256 neighbor 0010.0000.0001 was Down because interface GE0/0/0 was down. The Hello packet was received at 22:02:22 last time; the maximum interval for sending Hello packets was 3657891840; the local router sent 3557425152 Hello packets and received 100663296 packets; the type of the Hello packet was Lan Level-2.
此时的R2为标准区域
学习本区域的内部路由、学习域间路由、学习外部路由。
R2路由表
[R2]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 12 Routes : 12
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
2.2.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
20.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
30.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
40.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
50.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 4 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
60.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
将Area 1变为Stub区域
学习本区域的内部路由、学习域间路由，不学习外部路由，不包含 ASBR, 与外部通讯完全依靠自动创建的缺省路由。
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
stub
#
return
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
stub
#
return
改变后
可见学习不到R6引入的外部路由了，但是多了一条缺省路由
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 12 Routes : 12
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 2 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
2.2.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
20.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
30.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
40.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
50.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 4 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
测试与R7通信
通信正常
[R2]ping -a 20.1.1.1 60.1.1.2
PING 60.1.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=70 ms
--- 60.1.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/50/70 ms
将Area 1变为Totally Stubby区域
仅学习本区域内部路由，不学习外部路由，不学习域间路由，与外部通讯完全依靠自动创建的缺省路由
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
stub no-summary
#
return
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
stub no-summary
#
return
改变后
可见完全学习不到其他路由器的明细路由了，仅有一条缺省路由
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 9 Routes : 9
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 2 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
2.2.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
20.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
测试与R7通信
通信正常
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ping -a 20.1.1.1 60.1.1.2
PING 60.1.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=70 ms
--- 60.1.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/56/70 ms
将Area 1变为NSSA区域
学习域内路由，学习域间路由，学习本区域自身引入的外部路由
在R1上新建网段，观察是否能被引入
[R1-LoopBack0]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
isis enable 1
#
return
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Oct 1 2025 22:30:24-08:00 R2 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[44]:Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has turned into UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Oct 1 2025 22:30:24-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[45]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Oct 1 2025 22:30:24-08:00 R2 %%01ISIS/4/ADJ_CHANGE_LEVEL(l)[46]:The neighbor of ISIS was changed. (IsisProcessId=256, Neighbor=0010.0000.0001, InterfaceName=GE0/0/0, CurrentState=up, ChangeType=NEW_L2_ADJ, Level=Level-2)
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
nssa
#
return
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
nssa
#
return
改变后
可见除了R6引入的路由学不到，其余的都能学习
[R2]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 16 Routes : 16
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 O_NSSA 150 1 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
2.2.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
10.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
20.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
30.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
40.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
50.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 4 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
172.16.1.0/24 ISIS-L2 15 10 D 10.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
测试与R7通信
通信正常
[R2]ping -a 20.1.1.1 60.1.1.2
PING 60.1.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=50 ms
--- 60.1.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/48/60 ms
将Area 1变为Totally NSSA区域
学习域内路由，学习本区域自身引入的外部路由，不学习域间路由，不学习其它区域引入的外部路由
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
nssa no-import-route
#
return
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
area 0.0.0.1
network 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
nssa no-import-route
#
return
改变后
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 14 Routes : 14
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 2 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
3.3.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
20.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 20.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
20.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
30.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 30.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
30.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
30.1.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
测试与R7通信
通信正常
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ping -a 20.1.1.1 60.1.1.2
PING 60.1.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 60.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=40 ms
--- 60.1.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/50/60 ms
总结
R2通过ABR下发的缺省路由与其他路由器（如R7）进行通信，而其他路由器（如R7）与R2之间的通信则采用明细路由方式。